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Abstract

Concussions are complex injuries that can have many psychological, neurological, and physiological influences and causes. In studying the prevalence, neurological impact, psychological impact, symptoms, and treatment, several important findings have arisen. Primarily, that concussion diagnosis often requires accurate and honest self reporting which can be a challenge in athletics as athletes want to return to the field of play as soon as possible and often play through injuries. Furthermore, repetitive concussion can lead to more severe injuries in the future and increase the risk of an individual if he or she continues to participate in high risk activities. Finally, concussion can have long-term consequences if certain psychological, neurological, and physiological factors affect the injury. The result can be post concussion syndrome, where symptoms of a concussion linger for long periods of time, or if repetitive concussion occurs over time, the individual may develop Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) that can greatly reduce their cognitive ability, psychological health, and quality of life as they age. This thesis considers the behavioral, neurological and biochemical consequences of single and multiple concussion in different age groups. Furthermore, it formulates recommendations for future policy and treatment improvements. In order to combat the exact factors most important in a given subject’s concussion, comprehensive background information must be gathered to form an accurate concussion and mental health history and testing must be conducted to discern what the most efficient course of treatment will be. This personalized approach, as well as explaining the nature of concussion and the possible long-term effects to inform patients, should also begin to correct the lack of self reporting that is especially prevalent in athletes because if treatment is streamlined and efficient, players will get back on the field faster and stay healthier. Faster and more complete recovery will encourage honest self reporting.