Improving the Mind: Comparing the Effects of Cognitive Working Memory Training Paradigms and Nootropics

Abstract

New pharmaceutical and working memory training interventions show glimpses into a future where many cognitive disorders are a fading memory. The promise of these advances has not gone unnoticed by cognitively healthy individuals looking for an edge in their own lives. This thesis explored the current state of working memory training paradigms and nootropics. To accomplish this, I conducted a thorough literature review and performed meta-analyses to address the current state and future potential of both intervention types. Though most interventions show disparate effects in cognitively healthy individuals compared to those with cognitive deficits, the differences appear to be shrinking. I present future avenues for advancement and end with moral and ethical considerations as these fields progress.